Vertigo ***** (1958, James Stewart, Kim Novak, Barbara Bel Geddes) – Classic Movie Review 48

Alfred Hitchcock’s dizzying, dazzling 1958 film study in romantic obsession Vertigo focuses on James Stewart and Kim Novak.

Alfred Hitchcock’s dizzying, dazzling, brilliant 1958 study in romantic obsession Vertigo focuses on James Stewart as John ‘Scottie’ Ferguson, a troubled police detective who has to resign the force because of his crippling vertigo (acrophobia, fear of heights).

Then he’s hired by his old friend Gavin Elster (Tom Helmore) to follow his ‘suicidal neurotic’ wife Madeleine Elster (Kim Novak), and falls for her but can’t save her life when she jumps to her death from a church tower. Later he thinks he’s got another chance with love when he sees another young woman, Judy Barton (also Novak), who looks uncannily similar to her, except that, admittedly, she’s a brunette.

Hitchcock elevates a compelling mystery novel by Pierre Boileau and Thomas Narcéjac (also the authors of Les Diaboliques) into an all-time-great movie, turning a powerful microscope its nightmarish themes, while seeing the background of San Francisco through a glass darkly in startlingly non-naturalistic colour and sets, creating a dreamlike fantasy landscape, helped by Robert Burks’s cinematography and another vintage score from Hitch favourite Bernard Herrmann.

The screenplay is written by Alec Coppel and Samuel A Taylor, based on the 1954 novel D’entre les Morts (From among the Dead) by Boileau-Narcejac.

Cannily cast, Stewart and Novak are perfect, giving the kind of performances actors dream of. And so is Barbara Bel Geddes (from TV’s Dallas) as Midge, the sensible and straightforward young woman who adores and helps Stewart (though of course this counts as another of the film’s obsessions).

The film was beautifully restored to its original visual glory in 1996, so we can see it as it was back in 1958. The painstaking restoration by Robert A Harris and James C Katz features restored colour and newly created audio, using modern sound effects mixed in DTS digital surround sound. In October 1996, the restored Vertigo premiered at the Castro Theatre in San Francisco, with Kim Novak and Patricia Hitchcock in person. It was screened for the first time in DTS and 70mm, a format with a similar frame size to its original VistaVision system.

Hitchcock said: ‘ I was intrigued by the hero’s attempts to re-create the image of a dead woman through another one who’s alive. The man wants to go to bed with a woman who’s dead. He’s indulging in a form of necrophilia.’

The Novak role was intended for Hitch’s protégé Vera Miles, who unluckily had to drop out when she became pregnant, missing the role of a lifetime, and apparently infuriating Hitchcock.

Hitchcock appears in a walk-on as the ‘man walking past the boat yard’.

As usual Hitchcock appears in a walk-on, this time as the ‘man walking past the boat yard’ about 10 minutes into the film. With Scottie about to arrive at Elster’s shipyard, Hitchcock walks across from left to right carrying what appears to be a bugle case. The scene was shot on the Paramount lot on 19 December 1957, close to the studio’s prop department.

While Vertigo broke even upon its original release, taking $2.8 million in gross rental in the United States alone against its $2,479,000 cost, it earned significantly less than other Hitchcock productions. Hitchcock stated that it was one of his favourite films, blaming its weak box office on Stewart looking too old at 50 to play a convincing love interest for Kim Novak, who at 25 was half his age. Reviews were, surprisingly, mixed.

Hitchcock removed the film from circulation in 1973 and bequeathed it and four of his other films to his daughter Patricia. When Vertigo was re-released in cinemas in October 1983 and on video in October 1984, it achieved an impressive commercial success and very positive reviews. It was voted best film of all time by British critics in 2012 in a BFI poll, toppling Citizen Kane.

Mel Brooks’s 1977 High Anxiety parodies Hitchcock’s suspense films and Vertigo in particular. Brian De Palma’s 1976 Obsession is heavily influenced by Vertigo.

It is shot in San Francisco, Mission San Juan Bautista, Big Basin Redwoods State Park, Cypress Point on 17-Mile Drive, and the Paramount Studios in Hollywood.

It is the first film to use the dolly zoom, an in-camera effect distorting perspective to create disorientation, conveying Scottie’s acrophobia. It is often referred to as the Vertigo effect.

The cast

The cast are James Stewart as John ‘Scottie’ Ferguson, Kim Novak as Judy Barton and Madeleine Elster, Barbara Bel Geddes as Marjorie ‘Midge’ Wood, Tom Helmore as Gavin Elster, Henry Jones as the coroner, Raymond Bailey as Scottie’s doctor, Ellen Corby as the manager of the McKittrick Hotel, Konstantin Shayne as bookstore owner Pop Leibel, Lee Patrick as the car owner mistaken for Madeleine, Margaret Brayton as the Ransohoff’s saleslady, Paul Bryar as Capt. Hansen, Dave McElhatton as the radio announcer (alternative ending), Fred Graham as Scottie’s police partner, Nina Shipman as the girl mistaken for Madeleine at the museum, and Sara Taft as nun in closing scene.

Kim Novak

Kim Novak was born Marilyn Pauline Novak in Chicago, Illinois, on 13 February 1933. She is best known for Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo (1958).

Kim Novak turned 90 on 13 February 2023. She was born Marilyn Pauline Novak in Chicago, Illinois, on 13 February 1933. After signing a contract with Columbia Pictures, she became one of Hollywood’s top box office stars, appearing in Picnic (1955), The Man with the Golden Arm (1955) and Pal Joey (1957). She is widely known for Vertigo (1958), Bell, Book and Candle (1958), Strangers When We Meet (1960), Of Human Bondage (1964) and The Mirror Crack’d (1980). She retired after a disappointing experience on Liebestraum (1991).

Kim Novak recalled about working on Vertigo: ‘I don’t know how Hitchcock got the reputation he has now. I never saw him as a womaniser. He was always nice to me. He knew what he was looking for, and he was very firm about what mattered to him. He never, not once, discussed my performance with me or asked me about my feelings in a scene. So I was able to work that out for myself. And I had Jimmy Stewart, who I trusted completely. He and I worked wonderfully together, because we worked in the same way. What we did was simply react to one another.’

jean-marie douau writes:

San Francisco is the other star of the film.
Most of the film‘s locations can still be found in the city.
There are two important churches in the film :
Mission San Francisco de Asís, or Mission Dolores, is the oldest surviving structure in San Francisco.
Its whitewashed walls were creating an unusual soft light within the cemetery where is Carlotta Valdes’s grave, contributing to the dreamlike atmosphere of the scenes.
The film crew forgot to remove the gravestone after filming and it became a popular tourist attraction until staff at the Mission decided the fake stone was not truly matching the nature of the site.
Much more important for the climax of the film, Mission of San Juan Bautista, is located in San Juan Bautista, about 90 miles south of San Francisco. Hitchcock had to recreate in painting the bell tower and build its interior in studio.
They are respectively the 6th and the 15th of the Spanish California missions built in the 18th century.
And there is a Vertigo Hotel in San Francisco (940 Sutter Street) playing the role of the Empire Hotel where Judy becomes Madeleine. Don’t worry, it has been renovated since. The perfect stop to sleep (or to try to…).

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The scenes with Madeleine and subsequently Judy at Mission San Juan Bautista used the real mission location, but with a much higher bell tower as a special effect.